Africa's Harsh Reality Chapter 2: The Perilous Journey: Understanding the Risks of the Back Way Among African Migrants
- Amina Aliomar
- 10 hours ago
- 11 min read
Every year, thousands of Africans face a harsh reality: poverty, lack of education, overeducation without opportunities, and underemployment push them to take desperate measures to support their families. Many choose what is often called the "back way"—a dangerous, unofficial route to reach Europe, especially the United Kingdom. This journey is fraught with risks, including kidnapping, violence, starvation, imprisonment, and deportation back to Africa. In November 2025 alone, about 2,000 people attempted this perilous path to the UK.
I want to share what drives these migrants to take such risks, the conditions they endure, and the tragic outcomes many face. More importantly, I will outline how Africa can move toward a future free from this suffering, fulfilling a vision of restoration and hope.
Why People Take the Back Way
Poverty remains a harsh and unrelenting reality for millions of individuals and families across the vast continent of Africa. This dire situation is not merely a statistic but a daily struggle for survival, as families grapple with the pressing need to meet their most basic requirements such as food, shelter, and healthcare. The challenges they face are multifaceted and deeply entrenched in systemic issues, including economic instability, political unrest, and inadequate infrastructure. In many regions, access to clean water and nutritious food is severely limited, leading to malnutrition and a host of related health problems. Furthermore, the lack of proper shelter exposes families to the elements, increasing their vulnerability to diseases and other health risks.
Education, which should ideally serve as a vital pathway out of poverty, often fails to deliver the promised opportunities. In many areas, educational systems are underfunded and poorly managed, resulting in subpar schooling that leaves students undereducated and ill-prepared for the workforce. Even when educational institutions exist, they may lack essential resources such as qualified teachers, textbooks, and adequate facilities. Conversely, there are also individuals who find themselves overeducated—having attained higher degrees or specialized training—yet they are unable to secure employment that aligns with their skills and qualifications. This phenomenon creates a significant mismatch in the labor market, leading to widespread underemployment. Many skilled individuals are forced to accept low-paying or informal jobs that barely provide enough income to sustain their families, perpetuating the cycle of poverty.
Faced with these daunting challenges and a bleak outlook for the future, many individuals and families feel they have no viable option but to risk everything by taking what is commonly referred to as the "back way." This term describes the perilous journey undertaken by those seeking to migrate illegally in hopes of finding better job opportunities, enhanced educational prospects, and improved safety abroad. For many, the allure of a better life is strong enough to compel them to embark on this dangerous path, despite the inherent risks involved. The back way is often perceived as a more affordable and accessible alternative to official migration channels, which tend to be fraught with bureaucratic hurdles, high costs, and a lack of transparency. As a result, individuals may opt for these unofficial routes, often putting their lives in the hands of smugglers and facing numerous dangers along the way, including exploitation, violence, and even death.
Ultimately, the decision to take the back way is not made lightly; it is a reflection of desperation and a profound desire to escape the harsh conditions of poverty. Many hope that by reaching foreign lands, they will be able to secure better jobs that can provide for their families back home, access quality education that can uplift future generations, and find a sense of safety and stability that eludes them in their current circumstances. This quest for a better life underscores the urgent need for comprehensive solutions to address the root causes of poverty in Africa, including job creation, educational reform, and improved access to essential services. Only through concerted efforts can the cycle of poverty be broken, offering hope and opportunity to those who currently find themselves trapped in its grasp.
The Journey in November 2025
In November 2025, approximately 2,000 Africans embarked on a perilous journey known colloquially as the "back way" in a desperate attempt to reach the United Kingdom. This significant figure not only highlights the sheer determination of individuals seeking better lives but also reflects a broader trend of increasing migration from Africa to Europe, despite the myriad dangers involved in such treacherous undertakings. Many of these migrants traveled through North Africa, navigating vast deserts and hostile territories that are fraught with peril, before ultimately attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea in overcrowded and unsafe boats that are ill-equipped for the journey ahead.
The journey itself is not merely a physical ordeal; it is also an immense mental strain on those who undertake it. Migrants face extreme weather conditions that can range from scorching heat during the day to frigid temperatures at night, all while grappling with a severe lack of food and water. These basic necessities are often scarce, and the scarcity exacerbates the already dire situation. Furthermore, the constant threats posed by smugglers and traffickers loom large over their heads, as these individuals exploit the desperation of the migrants for their own gain. Many migrants find themselves at the mercy of these unscrupulous figures, facing the grim reality of being kidnapped and held for ransom, subjected to beatings, or even abandoned in the unforgiving expanse of the desert, where survival becomes increasingly unlikely.
For those who manage to endure the grueling land crossing, the ordeal is far from over, as they must then confront the treacherous sea voyage across the Mediterranean. This leg of the journey is infamous for its high mortality rates, with overcrowded boats often capsizing or sinking due to poor seaworthiness. The perilous waters are not only a physical barrier but also a site of tragedy, where countless lives have been lost in pursuit of a dream for a better future. The combination of physical exhaustion, mental fatigue, and the omnipresent threat of violence and death creates a harrowing experience that leaves a lasting impact on the survivors, shaping their identities and futures in profound ways.
Conditions and Risks of the Back Way
The back way is a perilous path filled with life-threatening risks that can turn a hopeful journey into a nightmare:
Kidnapping and Exploitation: Migrants are often vulnerable to criminal gangs that operate with impunity along the back way. These gangs frequently capture individuals, holding them hostage until a ransom is paid. In many cases, victims are subjected to brutal treatment and may be forced into labor or prostitution, stripping them of their dignity and autonomy. The psychological trauma inflicted on these individuals can last long after their physical captivity ends, leaving deep emotional scars.
Violence: The threat of violence is omnipresent along the back way. Migrants frequently experience physical abuse, not only from ruthless smugglers who exploit their desperation but also from hostile authorities who may see them as criminals rather than individuals seeking a better life. This violence can manifest in many forms, from beatings and sexual assault to extortion and theft, creating an atmosphere of fear and helplessness.
Starvation and Dehydration: The journey often involves long stretches where access to food and water is severely limited. Many migrants find themselves in dire situations, facing starvation and dehydration, which can lead to severe health problems, including organ failure and death. The lack of sustenance not only weakens the body but also diminishes hope, as individuals struggle to maintain their strength amidst overwhelming adversity.
Dangerous Sea Crossings: For those attempting to cross bodies of water, the risks are amplified. Overcrowded boats, often filled beyond capacity with desperate migrants, are launched into perilous waters with minimal safety measures in place. These vessels are prone to capsizing or sinking, resulting in tragic loss of life. Survivors of such crossings often face the trauma of witnessing their companions drown, further compounding their suffering.
Arrest and Imprisonment: Many migrants are apprehended by border authorities during their journey, leading to arrest and detention. The conditions in these detention centers are often harsh and inhumane, with overcrowding, inadequate food, and lack of medical care. Individuals may spend months or even years in these facilities, facing uncertainty about their future and the constant threat of deportation.
Deportation: After enduring countless hardships and struggles, many migrants find themselves facing deportation back to their countries of origin in Africa. This can feel like a devastating blow, as they lose everything they risked their lives to achieve. The return often means confronting the same dire circumstances they sought to escape, with little to no support to help them rebuild their lives.
The journey along the back way tests every ounce of strength and hope that migrants possess. It is a relentless struggle against overwhelming odds, and sadly, many do not survive the harrowing experiences they encounter along the route. Each story of loss and survival serves as a haunting reminder of the desperate lengths individuals will go to in search of safety and a better life.
The Fate of Many Migrants in the UK
Many migrants who take the back way eventually reach the UK, yet they find themselves living in a state of perpetual anxiety and fear. This fear stems primarily from their precarious legal status, which leaves them vulnerable to various forms of exploitation. Without the protection that legal residency affords, these individuals often find themselves in situations where they can be easily taken advantage of by unscrupulous employers who may pay them less than minimum wage, subject them to unsafe working conditions, or deny them basic rights that are afforded to legal workers. The constant threat of being discovered by authorities looms over them, leading to a life marked by secrecy and isolation.
In addition to the fear of exploitation, migrants often endure poor living conditions that can significantly affect their physical and mental well-being. Many are forced to live in overcrowded accommodations, often sharing small spaces with multiple individuals, which can lead to a lack of privacy and personal space. Basic amenities such as clean water, sanitation, and adequate heating may be compromised, further contributing to a deteriorating quality of life. The stress of these circumstances can take a toll on their mental health, leading to feelings of hopelessness and despair.
Access to essential services such as healthcare and education is severely limited for these migrants, compounding their struggles. Many are unable to seek medical attention when they fall ill due to fear of being reported to immigration authorities. This lack of access can lead to untreated health issues, which not only affect their ability to work but also their overall quality of life. Similarly, the absence of educational opportunities for their children can hinder future prospects, perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage that affects not just the migrants themselves but also their families and communities back home.
The cycle of migration, detention, and deportation creates a profound drain on hope and resources. For many, the journey to the UK is seen as a means to escape dire situations in their home countries, yet the reality they face upon arrival often feels like a continuation of their struggles. The fear of detention and deportation looms large, as authorities often target undocumented individuals for arrest, leading to the heartbreaking separation of families. Many migrants endure years of hardship in the UK, only to find themselves suddenly thrust back into their home countries, where they may face stigma and difficulty reintegrating into their communities.
This ongoing cycle disrupts not only the lives of individual migrants but also has broader implications for their families and communities back home. The absence of young, skilled individuals who migrate in search of better opportunities can slow down development efforts, as these individuals often contribute significantly to their local economies. Their departure can lead to a loss of talent and innovation, stifling progress and leaving communities vulnerable. Families are often left in a state of uncertainty, as the emotional and financial support that these migrants could provide is cut off, further exacerbating the challenges faced by those who remain.
The Human Cost: Deaths and Disappearances
Every year, thousands of Africans tragically lose their lives while attempting to take the perilous back way to Europe in search of a better future. The International Organization for Migration, a key agency monitoring migration trends, estimates that thousands perish while crossing the Mediterranean Sea alone, a route notorious for its treacherous conditions and high mortality rates. The vast expanse of water that separates Africa from Europe has become a graveyard for many, where countless bodies are never recovered, leaving families in a state of anguish and uncertainty, deprived of the closure they desperately seek.
The circumstances surrounding these deaths are harrowing and multifaceted. Many individuals succumb to drowning as overcrowded and unseaworthy boats capsize in the unforgiving waters. Others face exposure to the elements, enduring harsh weather conditions that can lead to hypothermia or heatstroke. Additionally, violence from human traffickers and smugglers, who exploit vulnerable migrants, further exacerbates the dangers of this journey. Many migrants also suffer from exhaustion, both physical and mental, after enduring long and grueling journeys that often begin far from the Mediterranean coast. This relentless quest for safety and a better life underscores the desperate measures individuals are willing to take.
These tragic losses serve as a stark and heartbreaking reminder of the urgent need to address the root causes that compel people to embark on such dangerous journeys. Factors such as ongoing conflict, political instability, economic hardship, and environmental degradation in their home countries push individuals to seek refuge and opportunity elsewhere. Without a concerted effort to tackle these underlying issues, the cycle of migration and the associated risks will persist, resulting in further loss of life and heartbreak for countless families. It is imperative that governments, international organizations, and communities come together to create sustainable solutions that provide safety and opportunities for those who feel they have no choice but to take the back way.
The Next Chapters in Africa's Harsh Reality
The narrative surrounding Africa's struggle with poverty, underemployment, and hunger is a complex tapestry woven from historical, social, and economic threads. As we delve into the next chapters of this ongoing saga, it becomes imperative to outline a comprehensive, step-by-step plan that addresses these pressing issues while simultaneously improving sanitation laws across the continent. This multifaceted approach not only aims to alleviate immediate hardships but also aligns with a broader spiritual vision of restoring Africa to the Holy Land to its rightful status, as prophesied by Allah. The journey toward this ambitious goal requires a deep understanding of the interconnected challenges faced by the continent and a commitment to sustainable solutions that empower communities.
Understanding the Current Landscape
Africa, a continent rich in resources and cultural heritage, has long been shackled by various forms of bondage—economic, social, and political. The harsh reality of being bound, locked, and chained manifests in the form of widespread poverty, with millions living on less than a dollar a day. This dire economic situation is not merely a statistic; it represents the daily struggles of families who are unable to meet their basic needs. Underemployment further exacerbates this situation, as a significant portion of the population struggles to find stable, meaningful work that provides a living wage. Many individuals are forced to take on multiple jobs just to scrape by, often working in informal sectors with little to no job security or benefits. Hunger remains a constant companion for many, with food insecurity affecting countless families and communities, leading to malnutrition and stunted growth among children, which in turn has long-term implications for the development of the continent.
Effective governance and policy frameworks are essential for the successful implementation of these initiatives. Strengthening institutions and promoting transparency will help ensure that resources are allocated efficiently and effectively. This includes advocating for policies that support social safety nets, protect workers' rights, and promote fair wages. By engaging communities in the decision-making process, we can foster a sense of ownership and commitment to the changes being implemented. Furthermore, it is crucial to invest in education and vocational training that equips individuals with the skills needed for the evolving job market. By prioritizing education, we empower the next generation to break the cycle of poverty and contribute positively to their communities.
Conclusion: Fulfilling Allah's Prophecy
As we move forward with these steps, it is essential to remember that the ultimate goal is to fulfill Allah's prophecy of restoring Africa to the Holy Land. This vision encompasses not only economic and social restoration but also a spiritual awakening that recognizes the continent's inherent value and potential. By addressing the root causes of poverty, underemployment, and hunger, while simultaneously improving sanitation laws, we pave the way for a brighter future. This future must be built on the pillars of sustainability, inclusivity, and respect for human dignity. The journey may be fraught with challenges, but with determination and a clear plan, the next chapters in Africa's story can indeed lead to a transformative and hopeful reality. It is a shared responsibility that necessitates participation from everyone in Africa, including government involvement., consumers, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector, working hand in hand with local communities to ensure that the solutions are not only effective but also culturally relevant and sustainable. Together, we can weave a new narrative for Africa—one that celebrates its resilience, honors its rich heritage, and embraces a hopeful future.
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